Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
We will use the set notation to solve this question.
let n(U) be the total number of students surveyed = 100
n(M) be the number of student that took math = 34
n(E) be the number of student that took English = 59
n(MâİE) be the number of student that took both classes= 12
n(MâŞE)' be the number of student that took neither class = ?
Using the formula n(U) = n(MâŞE) + n(MâŞE)'
n(MâŞE)' = n(U)-n(MâŞE)
Before we can get the number of student that took neither class i.e n(MâŞE)'  we need to  get n(MâŞE).
n(MâŞE) = n(M)+n(E)- n(MâİE)
n(MâŞE) = 34+59-12
n(MâŞE)  = 81
Since n(MâŞE)' = n(U)-n(MâŞE);
n(MâŞE)' = 100-81
n(MâŞE)' = 19
Hence 19 students took neither class as a freshmen.